Personality and Mood Disorders Q 110
An individual with depression has a deficiency in which neurotransmitters, based on the biogenic amine theory?
A. Dopamine and thyroxine
B. GABA and acetylcholine
C. Cortisone and epinephrine
D. Serotonin and norepinephrine
Correct Answer: D. Serotonin and norepinephrine
The biogenic amine theory of depression describes deficiencies in the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine. Antidepressants medications increase the levels of these neurotransmitters and therefore help to relieve depressive symptoms.
Option A: Clinical and preclinical trials suggest a disturbance in central nervous system serotonin (5-HT) activity as an important factor. Other neurotransmitters implicated include norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), glutamate, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
Option B: The role of CNS 5-HT activity in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder is suggested by the therapeutic efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Research findings imply a role for neuronal receptor regulation, intracellular signaling, and gene expression over time, in addition to enhanced neurotransmitter availability.
Option C: According to current research, dopamine, thyroxin, GABA, acetylcholine, cortisone, and epinephrine are not directly related to depression. The underlying pathophysiology of major depressive disorder has not been clearly defined. Current evidence points to a complex interaction between neurotransmitter availability and receptor regulation and sensitivity underlying the affective symptoms.