Psychiatric Medications Q 51

---

Rudolf is admitted for an overdose of amphetamines. When assessing the client, the nurse should expect to see:

  

     A. Tension and irritability

     B. Slow pulse

     C. Hypotension

     D. Constipation

    

    

Correct Answer: A. Tension and irritability

---

An amphetamine is a nervous system stimulant that is subject to abuse because of its ability to produce wakefulness and euphoria. An overdose increases tension and irritability. Methamphetamine (METH) and its derivative, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), are extensively abused drugs, and the acute effects of these drugs include increased alertness, hyperthermia, decreased appetite, and euphoria. However, long-term abuse can result in neurotoxicity and psychosis.

---

Option B: Amphetamines cause tachycardia and hypertension and can cause significant cerebral blood flow which increases by 30%. This is seen particularly in the left frontal cortex which can lead to hemorrhages and other forms of strokes. Several studies conclude that amphetamine abuse is strongly associated with coronary artery disease and with subarachnoid hemorrhages.

Option C: The physical exam findings may include altered mental status, hyperactivity, agitation, confusion, and gross psychosis with paranoia requiring chemical and physical restraints. Some very severe findings may include increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, hypertensive emergencies, and stroke.

Option D: Diarrhea is a common adverse effect. Obtaining a detailed history is of utmost importance as with any other type of overdose. Signs and symptoms of amphetamine toxicity include dry mouth, hyperthermia, dilated pupils, tachypnea, with increased alertness and energy. Some patients may also complain of chest pain and palpitations.

---