Pediatric Nursing Q 156
It is a serious condition in which the bone marrow does not produce enough new blood cells. It may be passed down from the parents or develop sometime during childhood:
A. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Sickle cell disease
C. Aplastic anemia
D. Thalassemia
E. Hemophilia
F. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Correct Answer: C. Aplastic anemia
Aplastic anemia is characterized by pancytopenia (anemia, granulocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia) and bone marrow hypoplasia. Aplastic anemia refers to the syndrome of chronic primary hematopoietic failure from injury leading to diminished or absent hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow and attendant pancytopenia.
Option A: Iron deficiency anemia is caused by an inadequate supply of iron for normal red blood cell (RBC) formation. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia worldwide, which results in microcytic and hypochromic red cells on the peripheral smear.
Option B: Sickle cell disease is a group of chronic, severe, genetic, hemolytic diseases associated with hemoglobin (Hb) S, which transform red blood cells (RBCs) into a sickle (crescent) shape when blood oxygenation is decreased. Sickle cell disease (SCD) refers to a group of hemoglobinopathies that include mutations in the gene encoding the beta subunit of hemoglobin.
Option D: Thalassemia is a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by deficient synthesis of specific globulin chains of hemoglobin molecules. Thalassemia is a heterogeneous group of blood disorders affecting the hemoglobin genes and resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis. The decreased production of hemoglobin results in anemia at in early age and frequent blood transfusions are required to keep up the hemoglobin levels.
Option E: Hemophilia is a group of hereditary bleeding disorders characterized by a deficiency in a blood-clotting factor. Hemophilia A and B are the most common severe hereditary hemorrhagic disorders. Hemophilia A and B result from factor VIII and factor IX protein deficiency.
Option F: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired hemorrhagic disorder in which the number of circulating platelets is reduced. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune pathology characterized by a low platelet count, purpura, and hemorrhagic episodes caused by antiplatelet autoantibodies.