Fundamentals of Nursing Q 275
When evaluating a client’s adaptation to pain, which behavior indicates appropriate adaptation?
A. The client distracts himself during pain episodes.
B. The client denies the existence of any pain.
C. The client reports no need for family support.
D. The client reports pain reduction with decreased activity.
Correct Answer: A. The client distracts himself during pain episodes.
Distraction is an appropriate method of reducing pain. This technique involves heightening one’s concentration upon non-painful stimuli to decrease one’s awareness and experience of pain. Drawing the person away from the pain lessens the perception of pain. Examples include reading, watching TV, playing video games, and guided imagery.
Option B: Denying the existence of any pain is inappropriate and not indicative of coping. It is essential to assist patients to express as factually as possible (i.e., without the effect of mood, emotion, or anxiety) the effect of pain relief measures. Inconsistencies between behavior or appearance and what the patient says about pain relief (or lack of it) may be more a reflection of other methods the patient is using to cope with the pain rather than pain relief itself.
Option C: Exclusion of family members and other sources of support represents a maladaptive response. Nurses have the duty to ask their clients about their pain and believe their reports of pain. Challenging or undermining their pain reports results in an unhealthy therapeutic relationship that may hinder pain management and deteriorate rapport.
Option D: Range-of-motion exercises and at least mild activity, not a decreased activity, can help reduce pain and are important to prevent complications of immobility. Nonpharmacologic methods in pain management may include physical, cognitive-behavioral strategies, and lifestyle pain management. These methods are used to provide comfort by altering psychological responses to pain.