Fundamentals of Nursing Q 279
To prevent postoperative complications, Nurse Kim assists the client with coughing and deep breathing exercises. This is best accomplished by implementing which of the following?
A. Coughing exercises one hour before meals and deep breathing one hour after meals.
B. Forceful coughing as many times as tolerated.
C. Huff coughing every two hours or as needed.
D. Diaphragmatic and pursed lip breathing 5 to 10 times, four times a day.
Correct Answer: C. Huff coughing every two hours or as needed.
Huff coughing helps keep the airways open and secretions mobilized. Huff coughing is an alternative for clients who are unable to perform a normal forceful cough (such as postoperatively) deep breathing and coughing should be performed at the same time.
Option A: Only at mealtimes is not sufficient. Deep breathing and coughing exercises can decrease the risk of lung complications following surgery. Not only can they prevent pneumonia, deep breathing helps to get more oxygen to the body’s cells. These exercises can also be beneficial to individuals who are susceptible to pulmonary or respiratory problems. Coughing and deep breathing work to clear mucus and allow moist air to enter the airways.
Option B: Extended forceful coughing fatigues the client, especially postoperatively. If you are lying in bed and need to cough, it may be more comfortable to bend your knees up. Lean forward when you cough, if you are sitting in a chair. Place a pillow over your surgical incision and apply pressure to the area while coughing. This can help to alleviate any discomfort you feel. It’s more comfortable to sit upright if you can when doing coughing exercises.
Option D: Diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing are techniques used for clients with obstructive airway disease. You can perform breathing exercises by relaxing your shoulders and upper chest. Take a deep breath in through your nose. Hold the breath for three seconds. Breathe out slowly through your mouth. Repeat three times. Taking too many breaths can make you dizzy or light-headed. Perform breathing exercises every hour.