Fundamentals of Nursing Q 378
The dominant values in American society on individual autonomy and self-determination:
A. Rarely has an effect on other cultures.
B. Do have an effect on health care.
C. May hinder the ability to get into a hospice program.
D. May be in direct conflict with diverse groups.
Correct Answer: D. May be in direct conflict with diverse groups.
The dominant value in American society of individual autonomy and self-determination may be in direct conflict with diverse groups. Advance directives, informed consent, and consent for hospice are examples of mandates that may violate client’s values. Culture influences health care at all levels, including communications and interactions with doctors and nurses, health disparities, health care outcomes, and even the illness experience itself. People in some cultures believe illness is the will of a higher power, and may be more reluctant to receive health care.
Option A: Culture plays a huge role in medical interactions. It influences how an individual might view an illness or treatment, for example, and affects how a physician should address an older patient. Culture may also affect the decision-making process. Cultural beliefs can affect how a patient will seek care and from whom, how he or she will manage self-care, how he will make health choices, and how she might respond to a specific therapy.
Option B: Literacy and language barriers may play a role in poor communication between doctors and patients from different cultures. The communication gap can prevent some seniors and families from getting the health information they need to make informed decisions. They may not know where to access information in another language, or they may not know how to find a health care provider that speaks the language.
Option C: While family caregiving is the norm in the Hispanic community and in other cultures, it is not always a viable option. Some older individuals may not have family living nearby, for example, or the family may be overwhelmed with children or other responsibilities.