Fundamentals of Nursing Q 476
A client is being tapered off opioids and the nurse is watchful for signs of withdrawal. What is one of the first signs of withdrawal?
A. Fever
B. Nausea
C. Diaphoresis
D. Abdominal cramps
Correct Answer: C. Diaphoresis
Diaphoresis is one of the early signs that occur between 6 and 12 hours. Fever, nausea, and abdominal cramps are late signs that occur between 48 and 72 hours. According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) criteria, signs, and symptoms of opioid withdrawal include lacrimation or rhinorrhea, piloerection “goose flesh,” myalgia, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, pupillary dilation and photophobia, insomnia, autonomic hyperactivity (tachypnea, hyperreflexia, tachycardia, sweating, hypertension, hyperthermia), and yawning.
Option A: A fever can be a withdrawal symptom among people who have been addicted to various substances, or even after a period of intense substance use. Fever symptoms may range from mild to severe. Although mild fevers can accompany a variety of substance withdrawal syndromes and are usually self-limiting, fever can also be a component of a particularly dangerous type of alcohol withdrawal.
Option B: Prolonged use of these drugs changes the way nerve receptors work in the brain, and these receptors become dependent upon the drug to function. If the client becomes physically sick after he stops taking an opioid medication, it may be an indication that he’s physically dependent on the substance.
Option D: The symptoms the client is experiencing will depend on the level of withdrawal he is experiencing. Also, multiple factors dictate how long a person will experience the symptoms of withdrawal. Because of this, everyone experiences opioid withdrawal differently. However, there’s typically a timeline for the progression of symptoms.