Fundamentals of Nursing Q 503
Which of the following clients has the lowest risk of diabetes mellitus and stroke?
A. A 45-year-old African-American woman.
B. A 35-year-old Native-American man.
C. A 30-year-old Hispanic-American man.
D. A 25-year-old Asian-American woman.
Correct Answer: D. A 25-year-old Asian-American woman.
Among the choices, Asian Americans have the lowest risk of diabetes mellitus and stroke due to their health and dietary practices. But people of Asian descent have less muscle and more fat than other groups and often develop diabetes at a younger age and lower weight. That extra body fat tends to be in the belly (visceral fat).
Option A: T2DM varies among ethnic groups and is 2 to 6times more prevalent in African Americans, Native Americans, Pima Indians, and Hispanic Americans compared to Whites in the United States. While ethnicity alone plays a vital role in T2DM, environmental factors also greatly confer risk for the disease.
Option B: Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Indian Health Service (IHS) show that in some American Indian and Alaska Native communities, diabetes prevalence among adults is as high as 60%. One in six American Indian and Alaska Native adults has diagnosed diabetes—more than double the prevalence rate for the general U.S. population.
Option C: In the United States, T1DM rates rose in most age and ethnic groups by about 2% yearly, and rates are higher in Hispanic youth. The exact reason for this pattern remains unknown. However, some metrics, such as the United States Military Health System data repository, found plateauing over 2007 to 2012 with a prevalence of 1.5 per 1000 and incidence of 20.7 to 21.3 per 1000.