Fundamentals of Nursing Q 84
The most common injury among elderly persons is:
A. Atherosclerotic changes in the blood vessels
B. Increased incidence of gallbladder disease
C. Urinary Tract Infection
D. Hip fracture
Correct Answer: D. Hip fracture
Hip fracture, the most common injury among elderly persons, usually results from osteoporosis. Hip fractures from falls are one of the leading causes of injuries for seniors and result in the largest number of hospitalizations. Family members and hourly caregivers can take steps to prevent falls, such as removing area rugs, improving lighting throughout the home, and offering mobility support when needed.
Option A: Some changes in the heart and blood vessels normally occur with age. However, many other changes that are common with aging are due to modifiable factors. If not treated, these can lead to heart disease. Arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) is very common. Fatty plaque deposits inside the blood vessels cause them to narrow and totally block blood vessels. The capillary walls thicken slightly. This may cause a slightly slower rate of exchange of nutrients and wastes.
Option B: Increasing age is a major risk factor for their formation, with the prevalence of gallstones being greatest at advanced age. While the majority of gallstones remain asymptomatic, seniors have a high risk for acute cholecystitis with atypical presentation, even when gangrene or perforation has occurred.
Option C: The main cause of UTIs, at any age, is usually bacteria. Escherichia coli is the primary cause, but other organisms can also cause a UTI. In older adults who use catheters or live in a nursing home or other full-time care facility, bacteria such as Enterococci and Staphylococci are more common causes.