Maternity Nursing Q 151
Which of the following statements best describes hyperemesis gravidarum?
A. Severe anemia leading to an electrolyte, metabolic, and nutritional imbalances in the absence of other medical problems.
B. Severe nausea and vomiting leading to an electrolyte, metabolic, and nutritional imbalances in the absence of other medical problems
C. Loss of appetite and continuous vomiting that commonly results in dehydration and ultimately decreasing maternal nutrients.
D. Severe nausea and diarrhea that can cause gastrointestinal irritation and possibly internal bleeding.
Correct Answer: B. Severe nausea and vomiting leading to the electrolyte, metabolic, and nutritional imbalances in the absence of other medical problems.
The description of hyperemesis gravidarum includes severe nausea and vomiting, leading to the electrolyte, metabolic, and nutritional imbalances in the absence of other medical problems.
Option A: Hyperemesis is not a form of anemia. The exact cause of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is not known. However, it is believed to be caused by a rapidly rising blood level of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). HCG is released by the placenta. Mild morning sickness is common. Hyperemesis gravidarum is less common and more severe.
Option C: Loss of appetite may occur secondary to nausea and vomiting of hyperemesis, which, if it continues, can deplete the nutrients transported to the fetus. Women with hyperemesis gravidarum have extreme nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. It can cause a weight loss of more than 5% of body weight. The condition can happen in any pregnancy, but is a little more likely if the woman is pregnant with twins (or more babies), or if she has a hydatidiform mole. Women are at higher risk for hyperemesis if they have had the problem in previous pregnancies or are prone to motion sickness.
Option D: Diarrhea does not occur with hyperemesis. Constipation is one of the symptoms. Increase fluids during times of the day when there is a feeling of nausea. Seltzer, ginger ale, or other sparkling drinks may help. The woman can also try using low-dose ginger supplements or acupressure wrist bands to ease symptoms.