Comprehensive Nursing Pharmacology Q 203
Absorption, distribution, and excretion may be increased by which of the following diseases?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Renal insufficiency
C. Liver disease
D. Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: A. Hyperthyroidism.
Diseases that speed up metabolism, such as hyperthyroidism, will increase absorption, distribution, and elimination.
Option B: It is clear that the effects of renal insufficiency on drug metabolism and transport are real and are clinically significant, based on many years of pharmacokinetic studies showing major alterations in nonrenal clearance in patients with CRF. Mechanisms point to circulating inhibitory factors some of which are dialyzable.
Option C: The pharmacokinetics of many types of drugs metabolized by the liver are changed in patients with cirrhosis. Liver disease can affect drug clearance by reducing drug-metabolizing capacity, reducing the synthesis of plasma proteins, and altering liver blood flow.
Option D: Thyroid dysfunction can influence the physiological disposition of drugs. Depending on the pharmacokinetic properties of the individual drug, changes in the rate of metabolism ranging from profound to moderate or negligible have been observed. Since renal function is also influenced by thyroid disease, changes in the renal elimination of drugs that are excreted in the urine mainly as unchanged drugs have to be considered as another reason for altered drug disposition in thyroid disease.