Health Promotion and Maintenance Q 44
A patient in the cardiac unit is concerned about the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis. Which of the following are hereditary risk factors for developing atherosclerosis?
A. Family history of heart disease
B. Overweight
C. Smoking
D. Age
Correct Answer: A. Family history of heart disease.
A family history of heart disease is an inherited risk factor that is not subject to a lifestyle change. Having a first-degree relative with heart disease has been shown to significantly increase risk.
Option B: Overweight is a risk factor that is subject to lifestyle change and can reduce risk significantly. The terms “overweight” and “obesity” refer to body weight that’s greater than what is considered healthy for a certain height.
Option C: Smoking can damage and tighten blood vessels, raise cholesterol levels, and raise blood pressure. Smoking also doesn’t allow enough oxygen to reach the body’s tissues.
Option D: Advancing age increases the risk of atherosclerosis but is not a hereditary factor. As one gets older, the risk for atherosclerosis increases. Genetic or lifestyle factors cause plaque to build up in the arteries as one ages. By the time one is middle-aged or older, enough plaque has built up to cause signs or symptoms. In men, the risk increases after age 45. In women, the risk increases after age 55.