Physiological Adaptation Q 38

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Which of the following conditions most commonly results in CAD?

  

     A. Atherosclerosis

     B. DM

     C. MI

     D. Renal failure

    

    

Correct Answer: A. Atherosclerosis

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Atherosclerosis, or plaque formation, is the leading cause of CAD.

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Option B: DM is a risk factor for CAD but isn’t the most common cause. Near-normal glycemic control for a median of 3.5 to 5 years does not reduce cardiovascular events. Thus, the general goal of HbA1c <7% appears reasonable for the majority of patients. Iatrogenic hypoglycemia is the limiting factor in the glycemic management of diabetes and is an independent cause of excess morbidity and mortality.

Option D: Renal failure doesn’t cause CAD, but the two conditions are related. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) accelerates the course of coronary artery disease, independent of conventional cardiac risk factors. In addition, CKD has been shown to confer inferior clinical outcomes following successful coronary revascularisation, which may be offset by arterial grafting.

Option C: Myocardial infarction is commonly a result of CAD. Myocardial infarction occurs when a coronary artery is so severely blocked that there is a significant reduction or break in the blood supply, causing damage or death to a portion of the myocardium (heart muscle).

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