Fundamentals of Nursing Q 417
A client is scheduled for a colonoscopy. The nurse will provide information to the client about which type of enema?
A. Oil retention
B. Return flow
C. High large volume
D. Low, small volume
Correct Answer: D. Low, small volume
Small volume enemas along with other preparations are used to prepare the client for this procedure. The small volume enema is used to clean the lower portion of the colon or the sigmoid. This type of cleansing enema is often used for the patient who is constipated but does not need cleansing of the higher colon. The amount used is less than 500 ml and the bag is raised no higher than 12 inches.
Option A: An oil retention enema is used to soften hard stool. A rectal injection of mineral oil or vegetable Oil, introduced at low pressure and retained for 30 minutes to 3 hours before being expelled. given to soften feces in cases of constipation or impaction. The volume of oil is relatively low, four to six ounces are commonly used, which allows the oil to be more easily retained.
Option B: Return flow enemas help expel flatus because of the risk of loss of fluid and electrolytes A return-flow enema, or Harris flush, is used to remove intestinal gas and stimulate peristalsis. A large volume fluid is used but the fluid is instilled in 100-200 ml increments. Then, the fluid is drawn out by lowering the container below the level of the bowel. This brings the flatus out with the fluid.
Option C: High, large volume enemas are seldom used. The purpose of a large volume enema is to clean as much of the colon as possible of feces, as an intervention for constipation as well as “bowel prep” before a diagnostic procedure. The amount used is 500-1000 ml and the bag is raised as high as 18 inches above the anal opening. The patient is instructed to retain and hold the fluid as long as possible to induce peristalsis and cause evacuation of feces.